Notable fact: By October 2023, the initiative extended to 151 countries, representing around $41 trillion in GDP and about 5.1 billion people — a scale that redirected global trade routes. The term “facilities connectivity” here means how Beijing funded and built cross-border systems: ports, rail, and digital links that knit regions together. This introduction sketches what was pursued from 2013 …
Conflict Sensitivity in BRI Facilities Connectivity and People-to-People Bond








